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H.R. 1U.S. CongressBecame law 119th Congress

One Big Beautiful Bill Act

Last status update Jul 4, 2025

What this measure contains

This act reduces taxes, reduces or increases spending for various federal programs, increases the statutory debt limit, and otherwise addresses agencies and programs throughout the federal government. It is known as a reconciliation bill and includes legislation submitted by several congressional committees pursuant to provisions in the FY2025 congressional budget resolution (H Con. Res. 14) that directed the committees to submit legislation to the House or Senate Budget Committee that will increase or decrease the deficit and increase the statutory debt limit by specified amounts. (Reconciliation bills are considered by Congress using expedited legislative procedures that prevent a filibuster and restrict amendments in the Senate.) TITLE I--COMMITTEE ON AGRICULTURE, NUTRITION, AND FORESTRY This title addresses a wide range of Department of Agriculture (USDA) programs, including by changing the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) and extending programs authorized by the Agriculture Improvement Act of 2018 (commonly known as the 2018 farm bill). Subtitle A--Nutrition (Sec. 10101) This section prohibits USDA from increasing the cost of the Thrifty Food Plan (TFP) based on a reevaluation of the contents of the TFP (i.e., the market basket of goods). Further, any annual adjustment to the cost of the plan must be based on the Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers. As background, USDA created the TFP (the cost of purchasing a nutritionally adequate low-cost diet), which is used to determine maximum monthly benefits under the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP). USDA calculates the cost of the TFP each year to account for food price inflation. Maximum allotments are set at the monthly cost of the TFP for a four-person family, adjusted for family size. Under a provision of the 2018 farm bill, USDA must reevaluate the market basket of goods every five years based on current food prices, food composition data, consumption patterns, and dietary guidance. (Sec. 10102) This section increases the work requirements for certain SNAP recipients who are able-bodied adults. As background, SNAP recipients who are able-bodied adults without dependents (ABAWDs) currently have work-related requirements in addition to the general SNAP work registration and employment and training requirements. SNAP law limits benefits to ABAWDs to 3 months out of a 36-month period, unless the participant meets the additional work-related requirements. This section raises the age for those who must meet these additional work requirements to include adults who are 65 years old and younger, whereas these requirements currently apply to adults who are 55 years old and younger. This section requires parents and household members to meet the additional work requirements (similar to someone who does not have a dependent child) if the child is age 14 and older. Currently, those with a child under the age of 18 are exempt from the requirements. This section excludes from the additional work requirements SNAP recipients who are Indians, Urban Indians, or California Indians (as these terms are defined by the Indian Health Care Improvement Act). In addition, the section generally requires homeless individuals, veterans, and certain foster care individuals to meet these work requirements. Foster care individuals are those who are 24 years old or younger and were in foster care on the date of attaining 18 years of age or a higher age. Specifically, this section eliminates the current exclusion from the additional work requirements for these individuals based on this status. Finally, this section limits the ability of a state to temporarily suspend the three-month time limit for SNAP benefits for ABAWDS in areas with high unemployment or an insufficient number of jobs. Under current law, the ABAWD waiver program allows states to request a temporary waiver of the three-month SNAP benefit limit. States may receive a waiver based on an area having an unemployment rate of over 10% or an insufficient number of jobs. The section repeals the provision that allows a state waiver if that area does not have a sufficient number of jobs. Further, the section allows Alaska and Hawaii to qualify for the state exemption with an unemployment rate that is at or above 1.5 times the national unemployment rate, effectively lowering the unemployment rate that these states must meet to receive a waiver. (Sec. 10103) This section generally eliminates the ability of a household to use participation in certain energy assistance programs to determine SNAP income eligibility unless the household includes an elderly or disabled member. As background, a household may deduct a portion of their housing and utility costs from their income (i.e., the excess shelter expense deduction) when determining SNAP benefits. Under current law, a household that receives a certain level of energy assistance through the Low Income Home Energy Assistance Program (LIHEAP) or a similar energy assistance program may deduct a set allowance. This set allowance (i.e., Standard Utility Allowance or SUA) represents low-income household utility costs in the state or local area. Using this allowance makes qualifying for an excess shelter deduction more likely. This section eliminates the use of the set allowance for households without elderly or disabled members, which may decrease the availability of the excess shelter deduction and reduce the SNAP benefits for these households. (Sec. 10104) This section prohibits a household from using any internet connection service fees as part of their housing and utility costs for the purposes of determining the size of household SNAP benefits, thus potentially reducing the SNAP benefits for these households. As background, a household may deduct a portion of their housing and utility costs from their income (i.e., the excess shelter expense deduction) when determining SNAP benefits. Under current law, household expenses may include internet connection service fees. (Sec. 10105) This section establishes state-matching fund requirements for the cost of SNAP program allotments beginning in FY2028. The state contribution ranges from 0% to 15% for the cost of SNAP program allotments and is based on the state’s SNAP payment error rate. Currently, the state match is 0%. For FY2028, a state may elect either the FY2025 or FY2026 payment error rate to calculate its state-matching fund requirement. For FY2029 and each fiscal year thereafter, the state match is calculated using the payment error rate for the third fiscal year preceding the fiscal year for which the state share is being calculated. Any state that has a payment error rate that is less than 6% will have a state match of 0% (i.e., the state does not have to contribute). A state with a payment error rate that is at least 6% but less than 8% must contribute 5%, at least 8% but less than 10% must contribute 10%, and 10% or greater must contribute 15%. In general, the effective date for the state-matching fund requirements is the beginning of FY2028. However, any state that has an error rate above a certain level will have implementation delayed until FY2029 or FY2030. Specifically, the implementation date is delayed for states where the state's error rate multiplied by 1.5 equals or exceeds 20% in FY2025 or FY2026. For such states, the implementation date is delayed until FY2029 if the specified error rate occurs in FY2025 and until FY2030 if the error rate occurs in FY2026. (Sec. 10106) This section reduces the amount that USDA may pay a state agency for administrative costs for the operation of SNAP to 25% of all administrative costs beginning in FY2027 and for each fiscal year thereafter. Currently, USDA must pay 50% of all administrative costs, thus this section increases the state share of administrative costs from 50% to 75%. (Sec. 10107) This section eliminates funding for the SNAP Nutrition Education and Obesity Prevention Grant Program (SNAP-ED). SNAP state and local agencies administer this federal grant program. SNAP-Ed uses evidence-based, public health projects and interventions with the goal to implement a nutrition education and obesity prevention program for eligible individuals that promotes healthy food choices and physical activity consistent with the most recent Dietary Guidelines for Americans. (Sec. 10108) This section eliminates SNAP eligibility for certain individuals who are classified as an alien under federal law and legally present in the United States, including those who have qualified for conditional entry under the asylum and refugee laws or based on urgent humanitarian reasons (e.g., a survivor of domestic violence or human trafficking). The section maintains SNAP eligibility for individuals who reside in the United States and are (1) U.S. citizens or U.S. nationals; (2) lawful permanent residents, with exceptions; (3) aliens who are Cuban or Haitian entrants; or (4) individuals who are lawfully residing in the United States in accordance with the Compacts of Free Association between the United States and Micronesia, the Marshall Islands, and Palau. Subtitle B-- Forestry (Sec. 10201) This section rescinds certain funds provided to the Forest Service as part of the Inflation Reduction Act of 2022. For example, this includes the rescission of funds for the protection of old-growth forests on National Forest System land, grants for nonfederal forest landowners for climate mitigation or forest resilience practices, grants for state and private forestry conservation programs for tree planting, and administrative costs for the National Forest System to implement these and other related programs. Subtitle C--Commodities This subtitle amends and extends commodity support programs. For example, the subtitle extends the Price Loss Coverage (PLC) program, the Agricultural Risk Coverage (ARC) program, and Dairy Margin Coverage (DMC) through crop year 2031. It also modifies various requirements for the programs. (Sec. 10301) This section increases the reference prices for specified commodities under the ARC and PLC programs for crop years 2025 through 2030. This change would increase the likelihood of triggering a payment and increase the payments made to eligible producers when triggered. Beginning in crop year 2031, USDA must increase the reference price so that it is equal to the reference price in the previous crop year multiplied by 1.005. USDA must continue to increase the reference price using this formula for each crop year after 2031, up to a maximum of 113% of the 2030 reference price. The ARC and PLC programs, administered by the Farm Service Agency, offer financial assistance to eligible agricultural producers, and the reference prices are used to calculate benefits under the programs. The ARC program is an income support program that provides payments to producers triggered when actual crop revenue declines below a specified guarantee level. The PLC program provides income support payments triggered when the effective price for a covered commodity falls below its effective reference price. (Sec. 10302) This section grants eligible agricultural producers a one-time option to expand and allocate base acre holdings in proportion to average 2019-2023 plantings of covered and noncovered commodities. In general, the Price Loss Coverage and Agriculture Risk Coverage programs make payments per enrolled base acre (i.e., a unit of production associated with specific tracts of farmland in proportion to historical production of certain crops). This section allows producers to allocate existing unassigned base acres to a covered commodity. The section limits the total existing unassigned and newly granted base acres to no more than 30 million acres, effectively increasing total base acres nationwide from approximately 274 million to approximately 304 million. (Sec. 10303) This section requires…

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Source: govinfo-billstatus· Retrieved Oct 31, 2026Original record ↗

Bill text and versions

Drafts can change as a measure moves through Congress. Check the version attached to a recorded vote.

How this measure moved

Legislative path

Each stage below is a House or Senate floor decision: every recorded roll call on this measure, plus passage by voice vote or unanimous consent, which records no individual votes. Each stage shows the latest version published before that day; the chamber may have voted on an amended text. Roll calls name every member. A member's row follows their votes, and a highlighted vote marks where they voted for advancing the measure at one stage and against it at another (passage, cloture, motions to proceed, agreeing to the other chamber's version). Amendments and motions such as recommit or table don't count as a change, because an aye there isn't a vote for the measure.

  1. Reported in House
  2. Engrossed in Houseby House passage
  3. Placed on Calendar Senate
  4. Engrossed Amendment Senateby Senate passage
  5. Enrolled Bill
  6. Public Law

Decision stages

  1. House motion to recommit on Reported in House: Failed

    212 aye · 216 no · 4 not voting · Source roll call

  2. House passage on Reported in House: Passed, reported as Engrossed in House

    215 aye · 214 no · 1 present · 2 not voting · Source roll call

  3. Senate motion to proceed on Engrossed in House: Motion to Proceed Agreed to

    51 aye · 49 no · Source roll call

  4. Senate decision of the chair on Placed on Calendar Senate: Decision of Chair Sustained

    53 aye · 47 no · Source roll call

  5. Senate decision of the chair on Placed on Calendar Senate: Decision of Chair Sustained

    53 aye · 47 no · Source roll call

  6. Senate motion on Placed on Calendar Senate: Motion Rejected

    47 aye · 53 no · Source roll call

  7. Senate motion on Placed on Calendar Senate: Motion Rejected

    49 aye · 51 no · Source roll call

  8. Senate motion on Placed on Calendar Senate: Motion Agreed to

    51 aye · 48 no · 1 not voting · Source roll call

  9. Senate motion on Placed on Calendar Senate: Motion Rejected

    47 aye · 53 no · Source roll call

  10. Senate motion on Placed on Calendar Senate: Motion Rejected

    48 aye · 52 no · Source roll call

  11. Senate motion on Placed on Calendar Senate: Motion Rejected

    49 aye · 51 no · Source roll call

  12. Senate motion on Placed on Calendar Senate: Motion Rejected

    48 aye · 52 no · Source roll call

  13. Senate motion on Placed on Calendar Senate: Motion Rejected

    47 aye · 53 no · Source roll call

  14. Senate motion on Placed on Calendar Senate: Motion Rejected

    48 aye · 52 no · Source roll call

  15. Senate motion on Placed on Calendar Senate: Motion Rejected

    47 aye · 53 no · Source roll call

  16. Senate motion on Placed on Calendar Senate: Motion Rejected

    56 aye · 44 no · Source roll call

  17. Senate motion on Placed on Calendar Senate: Motion Rejected

    47 aye · 53 no · Source roll call

  18. Senate motion on Placed on Calendar Senate: Motion Rejected

    49 aye · 51 no · Source roll call

  19. Senate motion on Placed on Calendar Senate: Motion Rejected

    53 aye · 47 no · Source roll call

  20. Senate motion on Placed on Calendar Senate: Motion Rejected

    47 aye · 53 no · Source roll call

  21. Senate motion on Placed on Calendar Senate: Motion Rejected

    47 aye · 53 no · Source roll call

  22. Senate motion on Placed on Calendar Senate: Motion Rejected

    47 aye · 53 no · Source roll call

  23. Senate motion on Placed on Calendar Senate: Motion Rejected

    48 aye · 52 no · Source roll call

  24. Senate motion on Placed on Calendar Senate: Motion Rejected

    49 aye · 51 no · Source roll call

  25. Senate motion on Placed on Calendar Senate: Motion Rejected

    47 aye · 53 no · Source roll call

  26. Senate motion on Placed on Calendar Senate: Motion Rejected

    42 aye · 58 no · Source roll call

  27. Senate motion on Placed on Calendar Senate: Motion Rejected

    47 aye · 53 no · Source roll call

  28. Senate motion on Placed on Calendar Senate: Motion Rejected

    47 aye · 53 no · Source roll call

  29. Senate motion on Placed on Calendar Senate: Motion Rejected

    22 aye · 78 no · Source roll call

  30. Senate motion on Placed on Calendar Senate: Motion Rejected

    54 aye · 46 no · Source roll call

  31. Senate motion on Placed on Calendar Senate: Motion Rejected

    47 aye · 53 no · Source roll call

  32. Senate amendment on Placed on Calendar Senate: Amendment Rejected

    50 aye · 50 no · Source roll call

  33. Senate motion on Placed on Calendar Senate: Motion Rejected

    48 aye · 51 no · 1 not voting · Source roll call

  34. Senate amendment on Placed on Calendar Senate: Amendment Rejected

    21 aye · 79 no · Source roll call

  35. Senate amendment on Placed on Calendar Senate: Amendment Rejected

    48 aye · 52 no · Source roll call

  36. Senate amendment on Placed on Calendar Senate: Amendment Rejected

    47 aye · 53 no · Source roll call

  37. Senate amendment on Placed on Calendar Senate: Amendment Agreed to

    99 aye · 1 no · Source roll call

  38. Senate amendment on Placed on Calendar Senate: Amendment Rejected

    47 aye · 53 no · Source roll call

  39. Senate amendment on Placed on Calendar Senate: Amendment Rejected

    48 aye · 52 no · Source roll call

  40. Senate amendment on Placed on Calendar Senate: Amendment Rejected

    49 aye · 51 no · Source roll call

  41. Senate amendment on Placed on Calendar Senate: Amendment Rejected

    50 aye · 50 no · Source roll call

  42. Senate amendment on Placed on Calendar Senate: Amendment Rejected

    50 aye · 50 no · Source roll call

  43. Senate amendment on Placed on Calendar Senate: Amendment Rejected

    45 aye · 55 no · Source roll call

  44. Senate amendment on Placed on Calendar Senate: Amendment Agreed to

    50 aye · 50 no · Source roll call

  45. Senate amendment on Placed on Calendar Senate: Amendment Agreed to

    50 aye · 50 no · Source roll call

  46. Senate passage on Placed on Calendar Senate: Bill Passed, reported as Engrossed Amendment Senate

    50 aye · 50 no · Source roll call

  47. House agree to Senate amendment on Engrossed Amendment Senate: Passed

    218 aye · 214 no · Source roll call

Senate members along the path

97 more Senate members

House members along the path

428 more House members

Aye yea or aye · No nay or no · Present · NV not voting · Changed reversed on advancing the measure

Members are identified by the Bioguide ID in each roll call, not by name. Not voting is not a no vote; a blank cell means the member wasn't listed for that roll call.Congress.gov actions ↗

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Legislative history

  1. The House Committee on the Budget reported an original measure, H. Rept. 119-106, by Mr. Arrington.

  2. Placed on the Union Calendar, Calendar No. 78.

  3. Rules Committee Resolution H. Res. 436 Reported to House. Rule provides for consideration of H.R. 1. The resolution provides for consideration of H.R. 1 under a closed rule with two hours of general debate and one motion to recommit.

  4. Rule H. Res. 436 passed House.

  5. Considered under the provisions of rule H. Res. 436. (consideration: CR H2235-2357)

  6. Rule provides for consideration of H.R. 1. The resolution provides for consideration of H.R. 1 under a closed rule with two hours of general debate and one motion to recommit.

  7. DEBATE - The House proceeded with two hours of debate on H.R. 1.

  8. The previous question was ordered pursuant to the rule.

  9. Mrs. Trahan moved to recommit to the Committee on the Budget. (CR H2356)

  10. The previous question on the motion to recommit was ordered pursuant to clause 2(b) of rule XIX.

  11. On motion to recommit Failed by the Yeas and Nays: 212 - 216 (Roll no. 144).

  12. Passed/agreed to in House: On passage Passed by the Yeas and Nays: 215 - 214, 1 Present (Roll no. 145). (text: CR H2235-2334)

  13. On passage Passed by the Yeas and Nays: 215 - 214, 1 Present (Roll no. 145). (text: CR H2235-2334)

  14. Motion to reconsider laid on the table Agreed to without objection.

  15. Received in the Senate. Read the first time. Placed on Senate Legislative Calendar under Read the First Time.

  16. Read the second time. Placed on Senate Legislative Calendar under General Orders. Calendar No. 107.

  17. Motion to proceed to consideration of measure agreed to in Senate by Yea-Nay Vote. 51 - 49. Record Vote Number: 329.

  18. Considered by Senate.

  19. Motion by Senator Schumer to commit to Senate Committee on Finance with instructions rejected in Senate by Yea-Nay Vote. 47 - 53. Record Vote Number: 332.

  20. Motion by Senator Markey to commit to Senate Committee on Finance with instructions rejected in Senate by Yea-Nay Vote. 49 - 51. Record Vote Number: 333.

  21. Point of order that the measure violates section 425(a)(2) of the Congressional Budget Act raised in Senate.

  22. Motion to waive section 425(a)(2) of the Congressional Budget Act with respect to the measure agreed to in Senate by Yea-Nay Vote. 51 - 48. Record Vote Number: 334.

  23. Motion by Senator Wyden to commit to Senate Committee on Finance with instructions rejected in Senate by Yea-Nay Vote. 47 - 53. Record Vote Number: 335.

  24. Motion by Senator Coons to commit to Senate Committee on Finance with instructions rejected in Senate by Yea-Nay Vote. 48 - 52. Record Vote Number: 336.

  25. Motion by Senator Lujan to commit to Senate Committee on Finance with instructions rejected in Senate by Yea-Nay Vote. 49 - 51. Record Vote Number: 337.

  26. Motion by Senator Reed to commit to Senate Committee on Finance with instructions rejected in Senate by Yea-Nay Vote. 48 - 52. Record Vote Number: 338.

  27. Motion by Senator Blunt Rochester to commit to Senate Committee on Finance with instructions rejected in Senate by Yea-Nay Vote. 48 - 52. Record Vote Number: 340.

  28. Motion by Senator Kaine to commit to Senate Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs with instructions rejected in Senate by Yea-Nay Vote. 47 - 53. Record Vote Number: 346.

  29. Motion by Senator Blumenthal to commit to Senate Committee on Armed Services with instructions rejected in Senate by Yea-Nay Vote. 47 - 53. Record Vote Number: 347.

  30. Motion by Senator Gallego to commit to Senate Committee on Finance with instructions rejected in Senate by Yea-Nay Vote. 47 - 53. Record Vote Number: 348.

  31. Motion by Senator Hassan to commit to Senate Committee on Finance with instructions rejected in Senate by Yea-Nay Vote. 48 - 52. Record Vote Number: 349.

  32. Motion by Senator Duckworth to commit to Senate Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry with instructions rejected in Senate by Yea-Nay Vote. 49 - 51. Record Vote Number: 350.

  33. Motion by Senator Schiff to commit to Senate Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry with instructions rejected in Senate by Yea-Nay Vote. 47 - 53. Record Vote Number: 351.

  34. Motion by Senator Alsobrooks to commit to Senate Committee on Finance with instructions rejected in Senate by Voice Vote.

  35. Motion by Senator Kelly to commit to Senate Committee on Finance with instructions rejected in Senate by Voice Vote.

  36. Motion by Senator Murphy to commit to Senate Committee on Finance with instructions rejected in Senate by Voice Vote.

  37. Motion by Senator King to commit to Senate Committee on Finance with instructions rejected in Senate by Voice Vote.

  38. Motion by Senator Padilla to commit to Senate Committee on Finance with instructions rejected in Senate by Yea-Nay Vote. 47 - 53. Record Vote Number: 353.

  39. Motion by Senator Bennet to commit to Senate Committee on Finance with instructions rejected in Senate by Yea-Nay Vote. 47 - 53. Record Vote Number: 354.

  40. Motion by Senator Wyden to commit to Senate Committee on Finance with instructions rejected in Senate by Yea-Nay Vote. 47 - 53. Record Vote Number: 357.

  41. Motion by Senator Warnock to commit to Senate Committee on Finance with instructions rejected in Senate by Yea-Nay Vote. 48 - 51. Record Vote Number: 359.

  42. Passed/agreed to in Senate: Passed Senate with an amendment by Yea-Nay Vote. 51 - 50. Record Vote Number: 372.

  43. Passed Senate with an amendment by Yea-Nay Vote. 51 - 50. Record Vote Number: 372.

  44. Message on Senate action sent to the House.

  45. Pursuant to the provisions of H. Res. 566, Mr. Arrington called up the Senate amendment to H.R. 1.

  46. Mr. Arrington moved that the House agree to the Senate amendment. (consideration: CR H3059-3187)

  47. Mr. Arrington moved that the House agree to the Senate amendment to H.R. 1. (CR H3143)

  48. DEBATE - Pursuant to the provisions of H. Res. 566, the House proceeded with one hour of debate on the motion to agree to the Senate amendment to H.R. 1.

  49. The previous question was ordered pursuant to the rule.

  50. Resolving differences -- House actions: On motion that the House agree to the Senate amendment Agreed to by recorded vote: 218 - 214 (Roll no. 190).

  51. On motion that the House agree to the Senate amendment Agreed to by recorded vote: 218 - 214 (Roll no. 190). (text: CR H3059-3143)

  52. Motion to reconsider laid on the table Agreed to without objection.

  53. Presented to President.

  54. Signed by President.

  55. Became Public Law No: 119-21.

Bill sponsors